Major Metallic contamination in groundwater is a major issue in Pakistan, and scientific studies have documented the existence of significant metals including lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in several samples above the permissible limitations set because of the WHO [161,175]. The sources of heavy steel contamination are diverse, which include https://gabletop.business.blog/2025/01/09/gabletop-pak-leading-the-way-in-sustainable-packaging-solutions/